On integral sum graphs

A graph G is said to be an integral sum graph if its nodes can be given a labeling f with distinct integers, so that for any two distinct nodes u and v of G, uv is an edge of G if and only if f (u) + f (v) = f (w) for some node w in G. A node of G is called a saturated node if it is adjacent to every other node of G. We show that any integral sum graph which is not K3 has at most two saturated nodes. We determine the structure for all integral sum graphs with exactly two saturated nodes, and give an upper bound for the number of edges of a connected integral sum graph with no saturated nodes. We introduce a method of identification on constructing new connected integral sum graphs from given integral sum graphs with a saturated node. Moreover, we show that every graph is an induced subgraph of a connected integral sum graph. Miscellaneous related results are also presented. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.